This paper carries out a research by content analysis on 247 academic papers published in the Journal of Marketing during the year of 2005-2009, with a purpose to describe the subjects, methods and scholars of Western marketing research. The findings are as following: the main subjects that Western marketing research focuses on are consumer behavior, products, brands, marketing general management, industrial marketing, advertising and promotion, services marketing, and network marketing, Among which research on the general marketing management, products, brands, industrial marketing, network marketing have an escalating trend, and adverse on the prices and marketing channels, and the subjects on consumer behavior and services marketing remain to be the focus of marketing research. As for research methods of marketing, quantitative research keeps dominated and are used in such marketing research domain as brand, product and personal selling, the experimental method has been more widely used to study consumer behaviors, prices, advertising and promotion, the qualitative research and mixed research are seldom used, the former is used in industrial marketing, general marketing management, and the latter focus on the subject of marketing theory and philosophy. In addition, there exists a diversified form of cooperation among marketing scholars, which includes scholars’ cooperation in a university, among different universities, between university and business and among different counties.

Consumers’ willingness to pay is an important part of the market research. Taking organic food for example, this paper analyzed and compared the main data acquisition methods of consumers’ willingness to pay, such as contingent valuation method, choice experiment, conjoint analysis and experimental auctions and the main data processing approaches such as discrete choice model and Tobit model. And then the paper investigated the main factors affecting the consumers’ willingness to pay and did a systematic summary. In the end, the future research emphasis was presented based on the evaluation and analysis of the existing relative research.

Based on the psychological compensation mechanism of consumer behavior, the current research examines how social comparison in ability domain influences people’s conspicuous consumption, and explores the possible interventions. Past research regarded conspicuous consumption as a way of signaling social-economic status, which often derived from wealth comparison. Our research proposes that besides wealth comparison, comparison in consumption unrelated domains would also lead to conspicuous consumption. In this mechanism, conspicuous consumption is a way to compensate for the self threat resulted from upward comparison. 2 studies were conducted to confirm our hypothesis. Study 1 indicates that consumers are more likely to spend on conspicuous items after comparing their own academic performance to those better counterparts. Study 2 replicates the result of study 1 using a more general conspicuous consumption measure. Furthermore, we found that the impact of ability comparison on conspicuous consumption diminished if people engaged in a prior self affirmation.

This study investigates linguistic features in aspects of phonetic, orthographic, semantic, syntactic and rhetoric of 2,600 Chinese brands of 22 different categories of products, and finds that by selecting and polishing linguistic components, Chinese brand name basically implements the brand naming requirements of being short, simple, and distinctive, designating the products or service category and suggesting key attributes and producing inference about key benefits. Based on investigates, this study concludes some trends in Chinese branding. Finally some issue of brand naming study is discussed.

The digitalization has brought big changes to the economic society, namely, virtualization of market players, digitization of factors of production, dynamization of the production process and platformization of market organizations. These four features of digitalization have further reconstructed the real management world, resulting in disruptive changes of internal and external relationships between organizations, and the underlying logics of production and operation. The nature of marketing is to answer how to solve the interactive relationship between the supplier and the consumer in the best way to realize the value co-creation. Obviously, digital technology is disrupting the traditional interactive relationship, which greatly weakens the effectiveness of the 4P and 4C marketing matrix. Therefore, we are intended to put forward the 4I (Interaction, Interest, Interface, Iteration) framework to reconstruct the marketing matrix in the age of digital intelligence. Finally, we offer some future topics of marketing strategy research and the new development direction of the discipline.

Impulse buying has been the focus of attention in the marketing. With the rise of online shopping, online impulse buying phenomenon becomes increasingly serious. The relevant literature is rarely in an online environment, the impulse buying behavior discussed. This paper explores the impact of the type of product and time pressure on consumer online impulse buying intention; this is a relatively new issue in the domestic marketing academics. In this study, the experimental method was adopted to explore the impact of consumer online impulse buying tendencies, the departure from the type of product and the time pressure. The results show that low-involvement emotional products stimulate consumer online impulse buying tendencies. At the same time, there is an interaction effect between time pressure and product type, that is, under the influence of time pressure, low-involvement emotional products to enhance the consumer online impulse buying tendency is more significant.

Luxurious brands consumption in China is featured by clear conspicuous purposes. This research investigated the phenomenon from the indigenous perspective of social face consciousness. Drawing on Ho’s (1976) framework of gaining versus losing face dynamics, the authors broke down the construct of face consciousness into two dimensions of “desire to gain face” and “fear of losing face”, and developed measurement scales for them. The two scales were then used to examine their effect on conspicuous luxurious brand consumption behavior and found both of them had unique contribution in explaining why Chinese consumers buy luxurious brands.

In social interactions, luxury goods usually work as signal revealing the users’ status. In a market with both authentic luxury and counterfeit goods, how the authenticity of luxury goods is perceived by others is an important issue not only for consumers, but also for producers and the whole society as well. Previous studies more focus on the luxury (or counterfeit) user, who sends out luxury information, to study the motivation of luxury consumption. However, how other consumers recode and interpret the luxury information gets inconsiderable less attention, this issue deciding whether and how the luxury goods user’s social motivation can come true. This article aims to explore how the information of luxury goods is interpreted by other consumers and then become influential. The authors find out that the perception of authenticity of luxury goods is a complicated process in which place scheme, character scheme, incident scheme and product scheme can all influence customers’ perception. Through exploratory and empirical study, this paper formed a theoretical model to explain customers’ perception of authenticity of luxury goods.

As a new participative pricing mechanism, PWYW pricing delegates the whole price determination to consumers. Previous empirical research has showed that PWYW pricing increases sellers’ profits, even when consumers can self-determine the price, which conflicts with the basic assumption of economic man in traditional economics. Thus, some other drivers must play a role when the PWYW price is determined. Based on social preference theory, we study the influences of altruism, fairness, reciprocity, sense of guilt and price consciousness on consumers willingness to pay under PWYW pricing mechanism, the study show that reciprocity, fairness and price consciousness have a positive impact on consumer’s willingness to pay, besides, these impacts are moderated by the way of transactions.

Whereas the traditional focus in Word-of-Mouth (WOM) literature has been on understanding how WOM of a movie influence the box office of its own, this research investigates the impact of WOM on box office in a dynamic competitive view. We propose that movies released in the same schedule compete with each other dynamically, thus the box office of a movie not only depends on the WOM of its own, but also relates to the WOM of peer movies’ in the same schedule. Using box office and WOM data of 780 movies during 2011-2014 in mainland china, we found that the gap between a focal movie’s WOM valence and the highest WOM valence in the same schedule has a negative impact on the box office of the focal movie. Moreover, this effect is moderated by the number of movies in the schedule and the season the movie is released (whether it’s high season or not). The marketing strategy is discussed as well based on these findings.

Based on the data on 898 films released in China between September 2014 to December 2017 from China Box Office（www.cbooo.cn），we examine the relationship between the intensity of event marketing and movie box office revenue. The results show that：（1）Event marketing promotes the box office revenue of the movie in general. As the intensity of event marketing increases，the box office revenue increases first and then decreases，showing an inverted U-shape relationship.（2）Some attributes of the movie，like sequel film or imported film，positively impact the movie box office revenue but reduce the effectiveness of event marketing.（3）The appropriate timing for event marketing is the 4th and the 6th week before release and the 2nd week after release. Each additional event marketing can increase the box office revenue by up to 59%.（4）The most favorable type of event marketing is theme song，followed by premiere，meeting，specials，posters，conferences，trailers，and other types of event marketing are not significant.

Using critical incident technique (CIT) and grounded theory, this paper explores the fellow customers’ reaction to customer misbehavior. Through in-depth interview, 232 customer misbehavior incidents are collected, and then CIT is used to categorize fellow customers' reaction patterns. Based on this, this paper discovers the antecedents of different reaction patterns. The finding suggests five types of fellow customers’ reaction patterns: helping the jaycustomer, mimicking the misbehavior, looking on indifferently, stopping the misbehavior, and giving himself up to help others. Five reaction patterns are quite different in frequency, motive, performance, and influence on five involved agents. The features of jaycustomer, focal customer, other fellow customers, employee and firm, will determine the choice of focal customer, through the intermediary effect of two mediator variables, that is, expectation of interaction consequence, and judgment on interaction responsibility. From the perspective of fellow customers' interaction, this paper not only enriches the literatures on customer misbehavior, but also provides managerial implication for customer misbehavior management and employee training program.

There exist studies that focus on the possible negative emotion (depression for instance) brought by mere concentration on out-of-stock. Or others solely study on the attractive effect induced by phantom alternative. What effect, positive or negative, will out-of-stock alternative impact on the purchase intention of similar alternative is still without a definite conclusion. This paper holds that there is not a certain positive or negative effect on the similar alternative purchase intention. Also, a dual mediation pathway model and relevant moderator of such influence mechanism are proposed. Our research shows that when offered the out-of-stock alternative, consumers seem to experience the stronger emotion of perceived scarcity and psychological reactance compared with no information offered. The effects of out-of-stock message on consumers’ similar alternative purchase intention mediated by scarcity and psychological reactance separately are opposite (positive versus negative). In addition, the negative effect mediated by psychological reactance is moderated by the occupation levels of cognitive resource. Psychological reactance is a moderated mediator. Whereas, the positive mediating effect of perceived scarcity is not affected.

This research examines the effect of success and failure results on consumers’ risk preference. Using different manipulations of success and failure and different measurements of risk preference tendency, five experiments were conducted to demonstrate that a clear success increases consumers’ sense of power, which in turn raises their subsequent risk preference; a clear failure, however, decreases consumers’ sense of power, which in turn reduces their subsequent risk preference. Furthermore, a close result can moderate this effect; that is, the difference between narrow-winners and narrow-losers’ risk preference is weakened. This study further enriches the research about the impact of success or failure on individual’s behavior, and provides suggestions on how to use the results of online and offline competitions to carry out marketing activities.

In live  streaming commerce, the streamer group is the core factor that drives product's sales performance. This study aims  to understand  how  the  combinations  of streamers  volume, product's  line  breadth, and brand  type  influence  brands'sales performances in live streaming commerce. The study collected panel data on Douyin live streaming platform in an 18-week period from August to December 2020 of 17 luxury brands and 27 non-luxury brands that are representatives of the cosmetics industry, which  includes  261  streamers, 1,658 products and  3,119  live  broadcasts. We  used  a  two-way  fixed  effects  model  with STATA software, and  found  that  streamer  volume  has  a significant  inverted  U-shaped  impact  on brands' live  sales, and  the breadth  of product's  line  has  a  significantly  direct positive  impact  on  brands' live  sales. Besides, product's  line  breadth and brand type moderate the above inverted U-shaped effect.

Romantic experience is a positive emotional experience that significantly impacts people's lives and consumption behaviors. However, the extant research merely conceptualizes romantic experiences as intimate relationships between lovers, which limits the research on how romantic experiences influence consumers' choices. This study extends the concept beyond romantic love by addressing generalized romantic experiences in a broader sense. Four experiments show that romantic experiences (vs. neutral experiences)increase consumers' preference for self-improvement featured products, even in areas not related to the initial romantic stimuli(Study 1). This greater inclination for self-improvement products ismediated by a heightened sense of meaning in life(Studies 2 and 3). Happiness orientation plays a moderating role in the influence of romantic experience on the meaning in life and preference for self-improvement products(Study 4). Theoretically, this paper expands the concept of romantic experience and enriches the research on the influence of romantic experience on consumer choice and the research on the emotional antecedents of self-improvement products. In practice, this paper provides suggestions and guidance for romantic marketing and the promotion of self-improvement products.

This study builds on fluency theory within an environmental psychology framework. Employing 3(Carbon Labeling components: color, shape, text)×2(Carbon Labeling visual complexity) subject repeated experiment, we shed lights to the effect between visual complexity of Carbon Labeling and consumers’ attractiveness. Our findings provide there is a significant differences in total fixation duration and number of fixations of consumers on the Carbon Labeling’s shapes, and the texts in terms of on the Carbon Labeling’s shapes, and the texts in terms of whether it’s simple or complex, shapes, texts, and the texts in terms of whether it’s simple or complex, shapes, texts, the simpler of the shapes and texts of Carbon Labeling, the labels are more attractive; the Carbon Labeling which are overall simple（colors, shapes, texts）are more attractive than complex ones for consumers. Furthermore, both studies confirm that processing-fluency mediate the visual complexity-attractiveness relationship. The visual complexity of Carbon Labeling brings low processing fluency to consumers, then reduce attractiveness. In addition, Our findings provide suggestions on the design of carbon labeling from consumer preference perspective, thus giving significant reference to label design of commodities in other types.